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A CLOSER LOOK AT THE INTEGRATED TCM CANCER TREATMENT IN CHINA
By Stanley Cua, PhD

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been used to treat cancer in China longer than the chemotherapy that has been used in western countries. Since there has no statistics on the treatment of cancer with TCM, we do not really know if chemotherapy is better, but recent reports on the comparison between pure chemotherapy and integrated TCM show that integrated TCM is better than pure chemotherapy. Integrated TCM is a combination of TCM with conventional western cancer therapies such as surgery, radiation and chemotherapy.

If integrated TCM is used with the western alternative cancer therapies, the efficacy may be even better, although there has no such combination in practice. It is hope that with the introduction of integrated TCM to the coming 31st Annual Cancer Convention hosted by Cancer Control Society in Los Angeles, some open-minded hospitals and clinics in Tijuana will include the TCM in their protocols, and that some hospitals in China will include western alternative therapies. Many westerners usually think of TCM in terms of acupuncture only, they do not realize that herbal treatment is the major part of TCM, and the theory of TCM is much more than acupuncture.

Lorraine of Cancer Control Society asked me what were the herbs used in Dr. Huang's presentation in the coming Annual Cancer Convention of her experience in integrated TCM to treat cancer. I could not answer her over the phone because TCM is not like Essiac tea or Hoxsey formula in which there are definite herbs for all types of cancer. The herbs in TCM for cancer treatment must have most of the following functions:

(Translated literally from a Chinese book "Notes on Treating Cancer with TCM" ISBN 957-8230-09-5 (1999), Taiwan printing, phone (02) 28351147, fax (02) 28338131 and 28314378)

Seven strategies in TCM cancer treatment are as follows:

(1) Dispel internal heat and eliminate toxins
(2) Soften hard lumps and dissipate aggregation
(3) Facilitate water distribution and dispel phlem
(4) Circulate blood and dissipate blood clots
(5) Manage "chi" circulation and reduce pain
(6) Enhance immune system
(7) Reduce diarrhea or excessive water loss

One of the more recent books on TCM cancer treatment that has a very comprehensive classification of herbs into such functions is 實用臨床抗腫瘤中藥 (李佩文主編 ISBN 7-5381-3346-1), the title is literally translated as “Chinese Herbs Used in Practical Clinical Applications". The book is in Chinese language, it includes many herbal formulations used in actual clinical practice and their references.

  • List of Herbs Accoording to 6 Functional Classifications

    Below are lists of primary and secondary choice herbs that are commonly used in various types of cancer from an experienced Chinese cancer treatment specialist.in the book 常用抗腫瘤中草藥(駱和生,周岱翰), the title is translated literally as "Commonly Used Chinese Herbs Against Cancer".

    It will also be informative to list some of the medical reports in China on the response and survival time of various types of cancer treated by TCM alone or integrated TCM for those who are not familiar with TCM. Below are some reports in breast, lung, liver and stomach cancer. It can be seen that response of the cancers of the digestive tract, such as liver and stomach, to the integrated TCM is better than the conventional alone, since these types of cancer are very prevalent in China. Chinese doctors have accumulated extensive experience in treating them.

    ...................................................................................................

    The book shown on the right that I recently acquire summarizes the integrated therapy in the 1990s (mostly from 1990 to 1996) in China. Although this book cannot really summarize the reports of such a large population, it gives a bird's-eye view of the efficacy of pure TCM and integrated TCM. The cover of the book and the information on the publisher's email addresses are shown in the picture.

    I would first abstract some of the reports that showed short-term clinical results and/or long-term survival times of the treatments. Almost in all of the reports, the integrated therapy was better than the TCM alone or conventional alone when there were comparative clinical cases. The remarks of the therapists/oncologists who prepared the reports were generally the same: "The integrated therapy combines the strength and, often time, reduces the shortcomings of each individual therapy." I truly hope that the conventional oncologists and the alternative therapists in North America will make use of the extensive clinical experience of the integrated therapy in China to enrich their own practices. We the people and, possibly also the future patients, will definitely be benefited.

    The book has a summary of the selected reports from various medical journals in China of the following types of cancer:

    Brain cancer, tongue cancer, tonsil cancer, nose and throat cancer, thyroid gland cancer, esophagus cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, stomach cancer, primary liver cancer, cancer of the liver blood vessel, gallbladder cancer, cancer of the pancreas, colon cancer, leukemia, malignant lymphomas, cancer of the urinary tract, cervical uterus cancer, hysteromyoma, ovarian cancer, skin cancer, and bone cancer.

    I shall continue to abstract the clinical results and survival times of all of these on this webpage. When they are completed, I shall then abstract the details of the treatments. For those who can read Chinese and would like to read the book, they can contact the publisher via email stdph@istic.ac.cn stdph@public.sti.ac.cn or tel in Beijing (010)68515544-2953 or fax (010)68514035.

    In the following abstract, there are two important pieces of information. First is the short-term clinical results. The nomenclature is as follows:

    For solid tumors:
    "CR" denotes complete recovery and the absence of the tumor for at least 4 weeks.

    "PR" denotes partial recovery with the reduction of 50% or more of the product of tumor's largest diameter and the largest perpendicular diameter for at least 4 weeks.

    "MR" denotes reduction of 25% to 50% similar to "PR", and no appearance of new tumor. "SD" denotes stable with the reduction or expansion of the tumor size as defined in "PR" to be less than 25%, and no appearance of new tumor.

    "PD" denotes conditions similar to "SD" with expansion of the tumor more than 25%, or appearance of new tumor.

    CR+PR denotes total recovery while MR means getting better but is not included in the recovery. SD means stable which is not better nor worse. PD means the disease is progressing and the patient is deteriorating.

    "Very Effective" is probably equivalent to "PR", whereas "Effective" to "MR".

    There may also have reports of the responses based on the international standard (UICC), or World Health Organization (WHO), but since this is only an bird's-eye view, we can just use the above definitions.

    The second important piece of information is the survival time. When the book has the survival time information, it will be abstracted here. Some of the information had detailed percentages of survival times while some were very simplified.Nevertheless, knowing the simplified report of survival time is better than not knowing.

    The references are in Chinese for those who would like to search further, since most of the medical journals have no English name.

    There are many reports that did not include both short-term clinical results and long-term survival times. They are not included here now in the overview abstracts, but may be included in the future detailed treatments. Most of the cases reported here are in stages III and IV or terminal. As you can compare the results of integrated TCM with the statistics of American Cancer Society, overall response of breast and lung cancer in integrated TCM is not impressive, but that of liver is very impressive

    BREAST CANCER REPORTS
    American Cancer Society had the following statistics for the breast cancer in the year 2002 in the webpage
    http://www.cancer.org/downloads/STT/CancerFacts&Figures2002TM.pdf
    5-year survival for localized cases was 96%
    5-year survival for regionally metastasized cases was 78%
    5-year survival for distantly metastasized cases was 21%
    5-year survival for overall average cases was 86%

    Breast cancer report 1
    50 cases of TCM + chemo/radiation
    survival time above 3 years = 80%
    survival time above 5 years = 66%
    survival time above 10 years = 56%
    survival time above 15 years = 32%
    reference see below

    Breast cancer report 2
    31 cases of TCM + surgery/chemo/radiation
    survival time above 3 years = 96.8%
    survival time above 4 years = 93.5%
    survival time above 5 years = 76.1%
    reference see below

    Breast cancer report 3
    52 cases of TCM + chemo, 10 cases of which could not use chemo.
    5-year survival time = 67%
    Overall effectiveness (100% less %not-effective) = 77%
    Overall effectiveness = very effective + effective
    reference see below

    Breast cancer report 4
    135 cases of TCM + surgery/chemo/radiation
    survival time above 3 years = 70.3%
    survival time above 5 years = 45.9%
    survival time above 7 years = 10.4%
    reference see below

    LUNG AND BRONCHUS CANCER REPORTS
    American Cancer Society had the following statistics for the lung and bronchus cancer in year 2002 in the webpage
    http://www.cancer.org/downloads/STT/CancerFacts&Figures2002TM.pdf
    5-year survival for localized cases was 48%
    5-year survival for regionally metastasized cases was 21%
    5-year survival for distantly metastasized cases was 3%
    5-year survival for overall average cases was 15%

    Lung cancer report 1
    18 cases divided into 2 groups
    group 1 used TCM alone
    group 2 used chemo alone
    survival time of group 1 from 155 to 503 days
    survival time of group 2 from 90 to 488 days
    statistical data: t = 3.192, P < 0.01
    reference see below

    Lung cancer report 2
    45 terminal cases treated with TCM alone
    Overall effectiveness = 53%
    Survival time from 2 to 23 months
    reference see below

    Lung cancer report 3
    8 cases TCM alone, 1 year survival time = 42.5%
    6 cases TCM + surgery, 1 year survival time = 100%
    ? cases TCM + chemo, 1 year survival time = 54.4%
    18 cases TCM + radiation, 1 year survival time = 50%
    12 cases TCM + surgery + chemo, 1 year survival time = 91.7%
    6 cases TCM + surgery + radiation, 1 year survival time = 83.3%
    10 cases TCM + chemo + radiation, 1 year survival time = 60%
    reference see below

    Lung cancer report 4
    304 terminal cases of TCM alone
    survival time above 1 year = 60.94%
    survival time above 3 year = 31.86%
    survival time above 5 year = 24.20%
    reference see below

    Lung cancer report 5
    59 cases TCM + chemo
    Overall effectiveness = 96%
    reference see below

    PRIMARY LIVER CANCER REPORTS
    American Cancer Society had the following statistics for primary liver cancer in the year 2002 in the webpage
    http://www.cancer.org/downloads/STT/CancerFacts&Figures2002TM.pdf
    5-year survival for localized cases was 14%
    5-year survival for regionally metastasized cases was 6%
    5-year survival for distantly metastasized cases was 2%
    5-year survival for overall average cases was 6%

    China is very experienced in the treatment of primary liver cancer. The effectiveness of the treatment and survival time are better than those in North America, whether conventional or alternative. The lady doctor who coordinated the CDA-II 3rd clinical trial concluded in September of 2002, Dr. Wen-Xia Huang, had already published an article in 1990 presenting her 28 cases of 10-year survival primary liver cancer (see Liver cancer report 25 below). Following are some the reports in various medical journals. Note that most of the cases are equivalent to regionally or distantly metastasized in ACS statistics.

    Liver cancer report 1
    60 cases of TCM alone
    survival time above 6 months = 32 cases
    survival time above 12 months = 19 cases
    survival time above 24 months = 6 cases
    survival time above 36 months = 3 cases
    survival time above 48 months = 1 cases
    reference see below

    Liver cancer report 2
    38 cases of TCM alone
    survival time above 3 months = 36 cases
    survival time above 6 months = 22 cases
    survival time above 9 months = 17 cases
    survival time above 12 months = 12 cases
    survival time above 18 months = 8 cases
    survival time above 24 months = 6 cases
    survival time above 36 months = 4 cases
    survival time above 48 months = 3 cases
    survival time above 60 months = 2 cases
    reference see below

    Liver cancer report 3
    25 cases of TCM alone
    survival time between 4 months and 10 years
    reference see below

    Liver cancer report 4
    971 cases of TCM alone for terminal liver cancer
    In the short-term clinical results:
    Fully recovered = 186 cases
    Very effective = 247 cases
    Fairly effective = 109 cases
    Not effective = 429 cases
    Long-term survival time between 105 days and 10 years, averaged 5.8 years
    reference see below

    Liver cancer report 5
    44 cases of TCM alone
    survival time above 6 months = 77.3%
    survival time above 12 months = 59.0%
    survival time above 36 months = 15.9%
    survival time above 60 months = 6.8%
    Longest survival time = 8 years
    reference see below

    Liver cancer report 6
    31 cases of TCM alone
    Very effective = 22 cases
    Fairly effective = 4 cases
    Not effective = 5 cases
    Overall effective = 84%
    reference see below

    Liver cancer report 7
    TCM alone
    survival time above 1 year = 29.3%
    survival time above 2 year = 14.5%
    survival time above 3 year = 8.2%
    survival time above 4 year = 5.2%
    survival time above 5 year = 4.3%
    reference see below

    Liver cancer report 8
    TCM alone
    One case survival time above 5 years
    reference see below

    Liver cancer report 9
    30 cases TCM alone
    average survival time = 15 months
    reference see below

    Liver cancer report 10
    20 cases TCM alone
    survival time above 6 months = 53.4%
    survival time above 12 months = 26.7%
    reference see below

    Liver cancer report 11
    A report from a medical school in Japan showed that when patients with cirrhosis were given a traditional Chinese herbal formula Hsiao-chai-hu-tang continuously as a liver cancer preventive supplement, within 5 years 10% of the patients with herbal supplement developed liver cancer compared to 20% without the herbal supplement.
    reference see below

    Liver cancer report 12
    128 cases of TCM alone
    Short term clinical results:
    Fully recovered = 5 cases (4%)
    Very effective = 5 cases (4%)
    Fairly effective = 79 cases (62%)
    Not effective = 39 cases (30%)
    Duration of treatment ranged from 87 days to 36 months, averaged 9.7 months.
    The 5 cases of fully recovered had no previous radiation or chemo.
    Longest survival time was 60 months, average survival time was 48 months.
    reference see below

    Liver cancer report 13
    200 cases of TCM alone
    Short-term clinical results:
    Full recovery = 1 case (0.5%)
    Partial recovery = 16 cases (8.0%)
    Tumor stabilized = 161 cases (80.5%)
    reference see below

    Liver cancer report 14
    17 cases of TCM with slight chemo
    survival time above 3 months = 7 cases
    survival time 35 to 49 months = 3 cases
    reference see below

    Liver cancer report 15
    32 cases of TCM alone using polystick versicolor with other herbs
    Short-term clinical results:
    Partial recovery = 3 cases
    Tumor stabilized = 13 cases
    Diseased progressed = 16 cases
    reference see below

    Liver cancer report 16
    275 cases of TCM alone
    short-term clinical results:
    Tumor size reduced more than 50% = 4 cases
    Tumor stabilized = 170 cases
    Survival time above 6 months = 41.6%
    Survival time above 12 months = 27.3%
    reference see below

    Liver cancer report 17
    70 cases TCM alone
    survival time less than 3 months = 1 case
    survival time 3 to 6 months = 23 cases (32.5%)
    survival time 6 to 12 months = 19 cases (27.1%)
    survival time above 12 months = 27 cases (38.6%)
    Longest survival was 42 months and still surviving when interviewed.
    reference see below

    Liver cancer report 18
    80 cases of TCM alone and 14 cases TCM + chemo
    short-term clinical results:
    Partial recovery = 3 cases (3.2%)
    Tumor stabilized = 50 cases (53.2%)
    disease progressed = 41 cases (43.6%)
    reference see below

    Liver cancer report 19
    42 cases TCM + chemo
    survival time 3 to 6 months = 16 cases (38.1%)
    survival time 6 to 12 months = 20 cases (47.6%)
    survival time 12 to 15 months = 6 cases (14.3%)
    reference see below

    Liver cancer report 20
    72 cases TCM + radiation
    Overall effectiveness (very effective + fairly effective) = 92%
    reference see below

    Liver cancer report 21
    110 cases TCM + chemo + radiation
    survival time above 1 year = 70.8%
    survival time above 3 year = 33.8%
    survival time above 5 year = 16%
    reference see below

    Liver cancer report 22
    27 cases TCM + surgery
    survival time above 6 months = 21 cases (77.8%)
    survival time above 12 months = 10 cases (37.0%)
    survival time above 24 months = 4 cases (14.8%
    reference see below

    Liver cancer report 23
    5 cases TCM + chemo + surgery
    survival time above 1 year = 5 cases (100%)
    survival time above 3 year = 2 cases (40%)
    reference see below

    Liver cancer report 24
    13 cases TCM + chemo
    Very effective 4 cases (30.8%) for TCM + chemo, 0 case (0%) for chemo alone
    Fairly effective 5 cases (38.5%) for TCM + chemo, 5 case (26.3%) for chemo alone
    Not effective 4 cases (30.8%) for TCM + chemo, 14 case (73.7%) for chemo alone
    reference see below

    Liver cancer report 25
    28 selected cases 10-year survival using integrated TCM
    2 cases TCM + surgery
    5 cases TCM + surgery + chemo
    3 cases TCM + radiation
    8 inoperable cases TCM alone
    3 inoperable cases TCM + chemo
    3 inoperable cases TCM + radiation
    4 inoperable cases TCM + radiation + chemo
    survival time above 10 years = 28 cases
    reference see below

    Liver cancer report 26
    228 cases TCM + surgery
    survival time above 1 year = 59.64%
    survival time above 3 year = 34.85
    survival time above 5 year = 25.41%
    reference see below

    STOMACH CANCER REPORTS
    American Cancer Society had the following statistics for stomach cancer in the year 2002 in the webpage
    http://www.cancer.org/downloads/STT/CancerFacts&Figures2002TM.pdf
    5-year survival for localized cases was 59%
    5-year survival for regionally metastasized cases was 22%
    5-year survival for distantly metastasized cases was 2%
    5-year survival for overall average cases was 22%

    Stomach cancer report 1
    33 terminal cases TCM alone
    Average survival time = 3.5 years
    reference see below

    Stomach cancer report 2
    32 cases with internal bleeding, TCM alone
    Short-term results (Within 3 months):
    Interrnal bleeding stopped = 22 cases
    Interrnal bleeding reduced = 8 cases
    Interrnal bleeding continued = 2 cases
    reference see below

    Stomach cancer report 3
    45 cases precancerous chronic stomach inflammation, TCM alone
    Short-term results:
    Completely recovered = 27 cases
    Very effective = 5 cases
    Fairly effective = 9 cases
    Not effective = 3 cases
    Deteriorated = 1 cases
    reference see below

    Stomach cancer report 4
    80 cases precancerous chronic stomach inflammation, TCM alone
    Short-term results:
    Very effective = 33 cases
    Fairly effective = 40 cases
    Not effective = 7 cases
    reference see below

    Stomach cancer report 5
    Cases that were not operable, or were intolerable to chemo after surgery, TCM alone
    Short-term results:
    Very effective = 42.3%
    Fairly effective = 46.2%
    Not effective = 11.5%
    reference see below

    Stomach cancer report 6
    32 cases TCM alone
    Short-term results:
    Very effective = 12 cases
    Fairly effective = 12 cases
    Not effective = 8 cases
    reference see below

    Stomach cancer report 7
    32 cases TCM alone
    Short-term results:
    Completely recovered = 1 case
    Partially recovered = 6 cases
    Tumor stabilized = 20 cases
    Deteriorated = 5 cases
    reference see below

    Stomach cancer report 8
    25 cases TCM alone using herbal formulation #1
    15 cases TCM alone using herbal formulation #2
    Short-term results:
    Formulation #1, overall effectiveness = 76.7%
    Formulation #2, overall effectiveness = 53.3%
    These different short-term results showed that although both were using TCM alone, different formulation gave different effectiveness.
    reference see below

    Stomach cancer report 9
    47 cases TCM alone
    1-yr survival = 31.9%
    3-yr survival = 17.0%
    5-yr survival = 12.8%
    reference see below

    Stomach cancer report 10
    157 cases TCM alone
    Short-term results:
    Recovered = 4.5%
    Stabilized = 85.3%
    Deteriorated = 10.2%
    reference see below

    Stomach cancer report 11
    22 cases TCM alone
    34 cases TCM + chemo
    3, 5, and 10 year survival rate not much different between TCM alone and TCM+chemo.
    10-year survival = 12.5%
    81 cases of TCM + 3 different chemo drugs
    3-yr survival = 55%, 65%, 76%, in which 5FU drug gave the best result.
    reference see below

    Stomach cancer report 12
    152 cases TCM + chemo
    1-yr survival = 88.82%
    2-yr survival = 71.72%
    3-yr survival = 49.17%
    reference see below

    Stomach cancer report 13
    86 cases TCM + chemo and 50 cases TCM alone
    Short-term results:
    Very effective = 2 cases for TCM+chemo
    Fairly effective = 56 cases for TCM+chemo
    Overall effective = 58 cases for TCM+chemo, 8 cases for chemo alone
    Tumor stabilized = 21 cases for TCM+chemo, 15 cases for chemo alone
    Not effective = 7 cases for TCM+chemo (8%), 27 cases for chemo alone (54%)
    reference see below

    Stomach cancer report 14
    86 terminal cases TCM + chemo
    6 months survival = 84.68%
    12 months survival = 43.98%
    reference see below

    Stomach cancer report 15
    37 cases TCM + chemo
    Short-term results: Complete and partial recovery = 62.12% Long-term results: 1-yr survival = 40.54%
    2-yr survival = 21.62%
    3-yr survival = 8.1%
    4-yr survival = 2.7%
    reference see below

    Stomach cancer report 16
    152 cases TCM + chemo
    Above 1-yr survival = 88.82%
    Above 2-yr survival = 71.72%
    Above 3-yr survival = 49.17%
    reference see below

    Stomach cancer report 17
    TCM + chemo
    Above 1-yr survival = 79.62%
    Above 2-yr survival = 61.44%
    Above 3-yr survival = 40.84%
    reference see below

    Stomach cancer report 18
    30 cases TCM + surgery
    1-yr survival = 2 cases
    2-yr survival = 3 cases
    3-yr survival = 11 cases
    4-yr survival = 6 cases
    5-yr survival = 6 cases
    6-yr survival = 1 cases
    10yr survival = 1 cases
    reference see below

    Stomach cancer report 19
    34 cases TCM + surgery + chemo
    Above 1-yr survival = 86.5%
    Above 3-yr survival = 75.7%
    Above 5-yr survival = 63.1%
    reference see below

    Stomach cancer report 20
    76 cases TCM + surgery + chemo
    Above 1-yr survival = 60.52%
    Above 3-yr survival = 47.36%
    Above 5-yr survival = 18.24%
    reference see below

    Stomach cancer report 21
    72 cases TCM + surgery + chemo
    Treatment 1 to 3 years: 72 cases survived out of 72 cases treated (100%)
    Treatment 3 to 5 years: 36 cases survived out of 51 cases treated (70.6%)
    Treatment above 5 years: 16 cases survived out of 33 cases treated (48.5%)
    reference see below

    Stomach cancer report 22
    9 cases embedding permanently Moschus moschiferus (Pinyin = Shexiang) in the colon or stomach after surgery. This was a very unusual procedure, but seemed to work and according to the author of the book, deserved further exploration.
    Shortest survival after embedding = 4 years
    Longest survival after embedding = 8 years
    reference see below

    Stomach cancer report 23
    90 cases alternating TCM and antibiotics in early stomach cancer
    Short-term results:
    Very effective = 50 cases
    Fairly effective = 31 cases
    Not effective = 9 cases
    2 to 7 years follow-up 90% effective.
    reference see below

    Stomach cancer report 24
    This procedure used external application of mixtures of herbs and animals such as centipede and lizard to treat stomach cancer
    Short-term results:
    Very effective = 80.87%
    Fairly effective = 14.21%
    Not effective = 4.92%
    The mixtures could also be applied to liver, lung and colon cancer.
    reference see below

    To be continued

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